The initial values for the volume and pressure of a certain amount of nitrogen gas are V1 = 0.06 m3 and p1 = 10^5 N/m2 , respectively. First, the gas undergoes an isochoric process (process 1-2), which triples the pressure; then it is followed by an isobaric process (process 2-3), which reduces the volume by a factor of three; finally, the volume of the gas is tripled by an isothermal process (process 3-4). (a) Give the initial and final temperatures, T1 and T4 , of the nitrogen gas if the temperature after the first (isochoric) process is T2 = 1083 K. (b) Find the volume, V4 , and pressure, p4 , at the final state of the gas, then sketch the three processes in a p-V diagram. (c) How much heat is gained by the nitrogen gas during the first (isochoric) process and how much heat is given away by the nitrogen gas during the second (isobaric process)? The amount of heat required to raise
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